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[CCNA] ICMP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ!
°ü¸®ÀÚ 2010-03-26
÷ºÎÆÄÀÏ ¾øÀ½
 
ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)

 °³¿ä

°ü·Ã RFCs
 ¢¹RFC792 : ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Á¦¾î ¸Þ½ÃÁö ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ
 ¢¹RFC950 : ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Ç¥ÁØ ¼­ºê³ÝÈ­ ÀýÂ÷
 ¢¹RFC1812 : IPv4 ¶ó¿ìÅÍ ¿ä±¸»çÇ× :À¯Çü 13,14,15¿¡ ¼ö·Ï
 ¢¹RFC1122 : ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿ä±¸»çÇ×-Åë½Å°èÃþ
 ¢¹RFC1256 : ICMP ¶ó¿ìÅÍ ¹ß°ß ¹ß°ß ¸Þ½ÃÁö
 ¢¹RFC1191 : °æ·Î MTU¹ß°ß 

Router°¡ °æ·Î¼³Á¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì³ª data¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¹ß»ýµÆÀ» ¶§, router´Â
   network»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇÇÇϰųª º¹±¸Çϵµ·Ï source host¿¡ ICMP¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Å뺸ÇÑ´Ù.

Router¿Í host°£ÀÇ Á¦¾î ¶Ç´Â ¿À·ùÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¼­·Î Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

 ICMP¼­ºñ½º Á¾·ù

 ¢¹¹ÝÇâ : IP³ëµåÀÇ Áø´Üµµ±¸
 ¢¹¸ñÀûÁö ¹Ìµµ´Þ : ¸ñÀûÁö IP ³ëµå¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹Ãâ¹ßÁö ¾ïÁ¦ : Ãâ¹ßÁö ÁýÁß¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹ÀçÁöÁ¤ : ´ëü °æ·Î¸¦ ¾Ë¸®±â À§ÇØ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹½Ã°£ ÃÊ°ú : IP header TTL field °ªÀÇ ¸¸·á¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹¸Å°³º¯¼ö ¹®Á¦ : IP datagram¹®Á¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹Å¸ÀÓ ½ºÅÛÇÁ : ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ ½Ã°£À» Àç±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ë
 ¢¹ÁÖ¼Ò ¸¶½ºÅ© : ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¼­ºê³Ý ¸¶½ºÅ© Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÔ¼öÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ë 

 Type code

Type

ICMP message

Type

ICMP message

0

 ¹ÝÇâ ÀÀ´ä

13

 Å¸ÀÓ½ºÅÛÇÁ ¿äû

3

 ¸ñÀûÁö ¹Ìµµ´Þ

14

 Å¸ÀÓ½ºÅÆÇÁ ÀÀ´ä

4

 Ãâ¹ßÁö ¾ïÁ¦

15

 Á¤º¸ ¿äû

5

 ÀçÁöÁ¤

16

 Á¤º¸ ÀÀ´ä

8

 ¹ÝÇâ ÀÀ´ä

17

 ÁÖ¼Ò¸¶½ºÅ© ¿äû

11

 ½Ã°£ ÃÊ°ú

18

 ÁÖ¼Ò¸¶½ºÅ© ÀÀ´ä

12

 ºñÁö´ÉÀû ¸Å°³º¯¼ö(IP)

 

 

 ICMP format

IP header
20 bytes
ICMP message
n bytes
 
type
1 byte
code
1 byte
checksum
2 byte
type°ú Äڵ忡 °ü·ÃµÈ ³»¿ëµé
m bytes
IP datagram

ICMP format ¼³¸í 
 ¢¹type : message¸¦ ±¸º°
 ¢¹code : messageÀ¯Çü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãß°¡Á¤º¸
 ¢¹hecksum : ICMP message¿¡ ´ëÇÑ checksum
 ¢¹message : type°ú code¿¡ ¿¬°üµÈ ³»¿ë 

ICMP frameÀ» sniffer·Î º» È­¸é

ICMP echo frame

ICMP echo reply
 

Echo reply°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾î Á³À» ¶§ win98 ¸í·É¾îâ¿¡¼­ È®ÀεǴ ȭ¸é

Á¤»óÀÎ °æ¿ì
  
ºñÁ¤»óÀÎ °æ¿ì : Àå¾Ö¹ß»ý
    

 Destination Unreachable Message

type(3)
1 byte
code(0-15)
1 byte
checksum
2 bytes
unused (must be 0)
4 bytes
IP header + fist 64 bits of original IP datagram data
 

 ¢¹type
       3


 ¢¹code

    0 = network unreachable  
      * IP ¸ñÀûÁö ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¾øÀ» ¶§(¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­¸¸ »ý¼º,°æ·Î¼³Á¤ ½ÇÆÐ)
    1 = host unreachable  
      * µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­´Â ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¸¶Áö¸· ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ È£½ºÆ®¿Í Åë½Å ºÒ°¡
      * ¹ß»ýÀÌÀ¯ : È£½ºÆ®Á¾·á,±¸¼º¿À·ù,IP¼³Á¤¿À·ù,(¸ñÀûÁö³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ »ý¼º)
    2 = protocol unreachable
      * µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®¿¡ µµÂøÇßÁö¸¸ IPµ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥ÀÌ ¿î¹ÝÇÏ°í IPÇì´õÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Çʵå·Î
        ½Äº°µÈ »óÀ§ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¶æ
      * TCP/IP È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇöµÇ´Â °øÅëÀÇ »óÀ§ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀº TCP,UDP,OSPFÀÓ.
      * IP headerÀÇ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ID¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ »ç¿ë°¡´É¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
    3 = port unreachable
      * ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¿î¹Ý°èÃþ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ(TCP,UDP)ÀÌ µ¥ÀÌÅͱ׷¥À» °³º°È­ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
        ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì »ý¼º(ex: ¼­¹öÀÇ µ¥¸óµî)
    4 = fragmentation needed but DF bit set
      * ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ MTU size°¡ datagramÀÇ Å©±âº¸´Ù À۱⠶§¹®¿¡ datagramÀ» ¹ß»ýÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â
        ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ »ý¼º.±×·¯³ª datagram IP header¿¡ DF flag°¡ 1·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¸é ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â datagram DFÇÒ ¼ö     ¾ø´Ù
      * DF flag´Â TFTP ÆÄÀÏÀü¼ÛÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â µð½ºÅ©¾ø´Â WSÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆ® ¸Þ½ÃÁö ´Ù¿î·Îµå¸¦ À§ÇØ 1·Î     ¼³Á¤
    5 = source router failed
      * IPÃâ¹ßÁö °æ·Î ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â IP datagram¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ »ý¼º,  ¶ó¿ìÅÍ´Â datagram»èÁ¦
    6 = destination network unknown
      * ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ °æ·Î ¼³Á¤Ç¥¿¡¼­ ¸ñÀûÁö ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ŽÁö ÇßÀ» ¶§ »ý¼º.
    7 = destination host unknown
      * ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸µÅ©Ãþ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â     °ÍÀ»  Å½Áö ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ »ý¼º
    8 = source host isolated(not used)
      * ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ ³ª¸ÓÁö ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ È£½ºÆ®°¡ °Ý¸®µÈ °ÍÀ» ŽÁöÇÏ¸é »ý¼º,RFC1812¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë¸øÇϵµ·Ï ÇÔ
    9 = destination network administratively prohibited
      * ¸ñÀûÁö ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿ÍÀÇ Åë½ÅÀÌ °ü¸®»ó ±ÝÁöµÊ.
    10 = destination host administratively prohibited
      * ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®¿ÍÀÇ Åë½ÅÀÌ °ü¸®»ó ±ÝÁöµÊ
    11 = network unreachable for TOS
     * ¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ °æ·Î ¼³Á¤Å×À̺íÀÇ °æ·Î°¡ ¿äûÇÑ ToS°ª ¶Ç´Â ±âº» ToS¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡
       datagramÀ» ¹ß¼ÛÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì »ý¼º
    12 = host unreachable for TOS
      * ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì(code 11°ú À¯»ç)
    13 = communication administratively prohibited by filtering
      * Åë½Å ¹æÈ­º® ¶§¹®¿¡ °ü¸®»ó ±ÝÁöµÊ.
    14 = host precedence violation
      * È£½ºÆ® ¿ì¼±±Ç À§¹Ý(¼Û½ÅÀÚ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¹ ¹ø° È© ¶ó¿ìÅÍ°¡ »ý¼º)
    15 = precedence cutoff in effect
      * ¿ì¼±±Ç È¿·ÂÀÌ Â÷´ÜµÊ(¶ó¿ìÅÍ¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼±±ÇÀ» ³·°Ô º¸³½ datagramÀ» »èÁ¦ÇÏ°í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô º¸³½ MSG)

 Time Exceeded Message

type(11)
1 byte
code(0/1)
1 byte
checksum
2 bytes
unused (must be 0)
4 bytes
IP header + fist 64 bits of original IP datagram data
 

 ¢¹type
       11
 ¢¹code
        0 = time to live(TTL) equals 0 during transit
        1= time to live(TTL) equals 0 during reassembly

 

 Source Quench Message 

 Áß°£¿¡ ÀÖ´Â routerÀÇ buffer°¡ ²Ë Â÷¼­ ´õÀÌ»ó ÀڷḦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§ ÀڷḦ º¸³»´Â source host¿¡
 º¸³»´Â message.

type(4)
1 byte
code(0)
1 byte
checksum
2 bytes
unused (must be 0)
4 bytes
IP header + fist 64 bits of original IP datagram data
 
- type
       4

- code
       0

 Redirect Message

type(5)
1 byte
code(0-3)
1 byte
checksum
2 bytes
router IP address that should be used
4 bytes
IP header + fist 64 bits of original IP datagram data
 

 ¢¹type
      5

 ¢¹code
       0 = redirect for networks
       1 = redirect for host
       2 = redirect for type of service and network
       3 = redirect for type of service and host

 Echo Request and Echo Reply Message   
  ping¸í·É¾î¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

type(0/8)
1 byte
code(0)
1 byte
checksum
2 bytes
identifier
2 bytes
sequence number
2 bytes
optional data
 

 ¢¹type
       0 = echo reply (ping reply)
       8 = echo request (ping request)
 ¢¹code
       0

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